Mitochondria, known as the powerhouses of the cell, play a crucial role in energy production through oxidative phosphorylation, a process that generates ATP, the energy currency of the cell. During this process, mitochondria can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as by-products. While ROS at low levels are essential for cell signaling and homeostasis, excessive ROS can lead to oxidative stress, damaging cellular components such as proteins, lipids, and DNA.  Nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA and RNA, are vital for cell health and repair, especially under oxidative stress conditions. They are involved in energy transfer, with ATP being a key player in cellular metabolism. Nucleotides also support the synthesis and repair of DNA, helping cells recover from oxidative damage. Additionally, they play a role in signaling pathways that can activate antioxidant defenses, reducing oxidative damage and promoting cell survival.  Together, mitochondria and nucleotides maintain cellular energy balance and enhance the ability of cells to cope with oxidative stress. This dynamic interplay is essential for protecting cell health, mitigating damage, and ensuring proper cellular function.  

Nucleotides are essential for maintaining healthy telomeres, the protective caps on chromosome ends that prevent genomic instability. They serve as the building blocks for DNA synthesis, enabling the replication of telomeric DNA during cell division.   Telomerase, the enzyme responsible for extending telomeres, requires nucleotides to function effectively. Additionally, nucleotides play a role in cellular signaling and DNA repair processes, which are crucial for maintaining telomere integrity.   A diet or supplement rich in nucleotides can support overall cellular function and potentially aid in telomere maintenance, contributing to cellular health and longevity.